Course

Module 1: Sacred Orders and Imperial DreamsIndian timeline: Mahajanapadas ? Mauryas & Guptas ? Ashokan legacy; Rock-cut architecture, Hellenistic/Persian influences; Shaivite-Vaishnavite traditions and early templesWestern timeline: Fall of Roman Empire ? Rise of Christianity ? Holy Roman Empire; Early Christian & Byzantine Architecture; Romanesque, Gothic, Crusades and Islamic InfluencesModule 2: Bhakti, Baroque and Renaissance PeriodIndian timeline: Temple towns & temple forms (Nagara, Dravida, Vesara); Timber temples of Kerala & Himachal; Vijayanagara Empire & evolution of secular/state architectureWestern timeline: The Italian Renaissance and Humanism; Masters of the Renaissance: Brunelleschi, Michelangelo, Leonardo; Reformation & Counter-Reformation ? BaroqueModule 3: Empires, Encounters & Exchanges Indian timeline: Sultanates (Delhi, Gujarat, Deccan); Mughals: Babar to Aurangzeb ? syncretic styles & Karkhanas; Rajput architecture and regional schoolsWestern timeline: The Age of Discovery, Colonization & Enlightenment; American & French Revolutions, Scientific Rationalism; Urban change and architectural reformModule 4: Modernity, Movements & MemoryIndian timeline: Colonial port cities: Madras, Bombay, Calcutta; Neo-Classical, Neo-Gothic, Indo-SaracenicArt Deco in Bombay, early Indian practices, modernism pre-1947Western timeline: Industrial Revolution: new materials, new typologies; Neo-Classicism, Neo-Gothic, Arts & Crafts, Art Nouveau, Art Deco; Early modernism in architecture

Course Objectives? To provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of architecture, art, and urbanism from Late Antiquity to early Modern periods, across Europe, West Asia, and India.? To explore the socio-political, religious, philosophical, and technological contexts that shaped diverse architectural forms and aesthetic expressions.? To critically examine the reciprocal influence of Eastern and Western architecture through colonization, conquests, and cultural exchange.? To encourage comparative analysis and reflection on indigenous and global traditions in architecture and their relevance today.Course OutcomesAfter completing this course, students will be able to:CO1: Identify key architectural movements, styles and periods in both Indian and global contexts, understanding their origins and characteristics.CO2 : Analyze the socio-cultural and technological forces that shaped architectural expressions across different civilizations.CO3: Evaluate the legacy and transformation of built heritage in response to religion, power, patronage, colonization and modernity.

Reading Material1. Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture, 21st Edition, Bloomsbury Publishing, 20192. Spiro Kostof, A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals, Revised Edition, Oxford University Press, 1995.3. Satish Grover, The Architecture of India: Buddhist and Hindu, Vikas Publishing House, 1980.4. Percy Brown, Indian Architecture: Islamic and Hindu Periods, 6th Edition, D. B. Taraporevala Sons & Co. Pvt. Ltd., 2013.5. Christopher Tadgell, The History of Architecture in India, Revised Edition, Phaidon Press, 2002.6. Kenneth Frampton, Modern Architecture: A Critical History, 5th Edition, Thames & Hudson, 2020.7. Takeo Kamiya, Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, [Online Resource], available at: http://www.indoarch.org